The Ancient History and Capitals of Sri Lanka

Ancient Greek geographers called it Taprobane. Arabs referred to it as Serendib. Later European mapmakers called it Ceylon, a name still occasionally used for trade purposes. It officially became Sri Lanka in 1972, and today, while the officially recognized capital remains Colombo, the seat of government was moved to Jayewardenepura Kotte, a suburb of Colombo, in 1982.

Historical Capitals of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has had multiple capitals throughout its rich history, reflecting the shifting power and cultural dynamics over the centuries. The early capital was Colombo, which held significance due to its strategic location and commercial importance. However, in 1982, the capital was officially shifted to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, a shift that marked a significant change in the governance structure of the country.

Anuradhapura: The Imperial Capital of Sri Lanka

Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, was the primary capital of the island when it was laid out in the fourth century BC. For nearly a millennium, it served as the capital for 119 successive Singhalese rulers. This city was much more than just a political center; it was a place of immense religious and cultural significance, home to critical landmarks such as the Mahavihara Buddhist monastery complex and the Ruwanweli Seya stupas.

Other Notable Capitals and Kingdoms

While Anuradhapura was the most prominent capital, Sri Lanka had many other historical capitals based on the ruling dynasty at the time. Some of the notable ones include:

POLONNARUA - This was the capital of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom, which succeeded the Anuradhapura kingdom. The city was a center of political and cultural activity and home to the famous Gal Vihara complex. JAFFNA - This was a significant capital during the Tamil kingdom that ruled the northern part of the island, a distinct center of Tamil culture and administration. KOTTE - Colombo was also a capital, and the Kingdom of Kotte emerged in the 14th century, playing a crucial role in the nation's maritime trade and military strategy.

These cities and others represent a history of shifting power, often driven by internal political struggles and external pressures. Each capital left behind a rich tapestry of architectural and cultural heritage that continues to captivate both Sri Lankans and visitors from around the world.

Conclusion

The ancient history and capitals of Sri Lanka are woven into the nation's rich cultural fabric. From Anuradhapura to Colombo and beyond, these cities reflect the complex and fascinating journey of a country marked by resilience and adaptation. The relocation of the capital in 1982 was a symbol of the modern innovations in governance but the legacy of its historical capitals remains a significant part of Sri Lanka's identity and heritage.