The Capture of Janjira Fort: A Tale of Strategic Naval Conquest

Janjira Fort, strategically located off the coast of Maharashtra, India, witnessed a significant period in Indian maritime history when it fell into the hands of the Maratha Empire in 1733 after a long siege. This fort's history is rich with tales of intrigue, bravery, and political maneuvering, making it a vital site in the annals of naval power.

The Origin and Early Control of Janjira Fort

Janjira Fort was originally built by the Siddis, descendants of Abyssinians who served as naval commanders under the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur. The Siddis initially constructed the fortress to protect the Kolis, a fisherfolk community, from pirates. One notable Koli chief, Ram Patil, played a crucial role in the fort's early development. He built Janjira Fort in the 16th century to provide safety to his fellow Kolis, recognizing the need for protection against pirate attacks.

Role of Kolis and Kanhoji Angre

A significant figure within the Kolis was Kanhoji Angre, a Mahadeo Koli who became the Lord of Indian pirates. Ram Patil sought permission from the Nizamshah of Ahmadnagar to construct the fort. However, as time passed, Ram Patil began to defy the Nizamshah's orders, which ultimately prompted the Nizamshah to send Piram Khan, a trusted commander, to secure the fortress. Recognizing the strategic importance of Janjira Fort, Piram Khan did not attack directly but instead deceived their way into it.

The Cunning Capture of Janjira Fort

Piram Khan arrived at Janjira Fort as a merchant with two companions. He requested permission to land large boxes containing wine and silk. Delighted by the variety of goods, the garrison agreed to let the boxes be unloaded. Piram Khan, with his hidden but numerous men, feasted the Kolis on wine before taking advantage of their inebriation to launch an attack. This betrayal led to the capture of Janjira Fort.

The Rise of Qasim Yakut Khan

Throughout the next century, control of Janjira Fort changed hands. Yakut Khan, a fellow Koli, took over the administration in 1670. Yakut Khan was born into a Koli family called Patil of Guhag but was taken to jail and grew up in a Muslim family. This upbringing transformed him from a Hindu to a Muslim, adopting the name Qasim Khan. Later, he was given the title Yakut Khan by Emperor Alamgir. Yakut Khan became a powerful naval admiral under the Bijapur Sultanate and later served the Mughal Empire, eventually holding the title of Qasim Yakut Khan.

Yakut Khan played a significant role during the Mughal-English conflict of 1689, laying siege to the British-held Bombay. Despite the Mughals agreeing to halt the attack in exchange for 150,000 rupees, Yakut Khan withdrew his forces after becoming enraged by the agreement and razed the Mazagaon Fort.

Legacy and Historical Significance

The capture of Janjira Fort marked a pivotal moment in India's naval history. It showcases the complex political and military landscape of the region during the 17th and 18th centuries. The fort's strategic location and robust defenses made it a key player in various conflicts, with each conqueror adapting to the site's unique challenges.

Today, Janjira Fort stands as a testament to these historical events. Visitors can explore its walls and learn about the intricate stories that unfolded within its premises, making it a worthwhile destination for history enthusiasts and scholars alike.